Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. In most cases it is completely reversible with routine eye surgery. Inside the eye, behind the iris, is the crystalline lens – the clouding of this lens is what is known as cataract. There are many different types of cataracts and many different causes.
The crystalline lens is what we use to focus on different distances however it also plays a vital role in absorbing UV to protect the macula and retina from damage. As we age the lens hardens meaning we lose the ability to focus on near objects. The continual absorption of UV also changes the structure of the lens causing prescription changes and a change in visual clarity. This form of cataract is the most common. Other causes include trauma to the eye, medical conditions such as diabetes, myopia (short-sightedness), certain medications including steroids, genetics, congenital (cataract at birth) and toxicity such as alcohol and tobacco.
Certain types of cataract progress slowly, meaning they can go undetected by the person and the vision can decrease markedly without awareness. Other types of cataracts can develop quickly leading to vision loss in weeks to months.
It is important to have regular eye examinations so that these changes can be picked up early and monitored closely.
Don’t I have to wait for them to be “ripe”? Leaving cataract surgery until late in the condition presents more risks as they are harder to remove. This can lead to complications during and after surgery and can result in a disappointing outcome for the patient. As all surgery carries risks, surgery is not normally recommended to undergo too early either.
Simple things you can do to prevent cataracts forming is to wear sunglasses whenever you are outside – remember, UV is still a risk on cloudy days. Wearing a broad brimmed hat adds a further layer of protection. Encourage young children to get into the habit of wearing sunglasses at all times and get them into the habit of protecting their eyes. And make sure you maintain a healthy diet and good control of any medical conditions.
Our optometrists will be able to advise you if you have cataracts, the type of cataract and the best time to seek surgical treatment. Book your eye examination today online, by phone or in practice.