What is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration, often referred to as age-related macular degeneration, is one of the leading causes of vision loss in Australians over the age of 50. In fact, around 1 in 7 people over 50 show some signs of this condition.
What is the macula?
The macula is the small, central part of the retina located at the back of the eye. It plays a crucial role in helping us see fine details, read, drive, and recognise faces. When the macula becomes damaged or begins to deteriorate, it affects our central vision but leaves our peripheral (side) vision intact.
What are the stages of Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration develops in three main stages:
- Early: No vision loss, but changes may be detected during an eye exam.
- Intermediate: May still be symptom-free or involve mild changes in vision.
- Late: Noticeable vision loss, which may appear as blurriness, distortion or blind spots. Late AMD comes in two forms:
- Wet: Caused by abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage under the retina.
- Dry: A gradual breakdown of the cells in the macula.
What does vision loss from Macular Degeneration look like?
People with Macular Degeneration often retain their peripheral vision, so they can move around quite normally. However, they may struggle to see things directly in front of them, such as faces, print or signage. This can be confusing to others, as the person may not “look” visually impaired. In later stages, individuals may be considered legally blind due to the loss of central vision, even though some vision remains.
What increases your risk?
Some risk factors can’t be changed, like:
- Age: Risk increases significantly after 50.
- Family history: Genetics can play a role.
However, other risk factors can be managed. These include:
- Smoking
- Poor diet and lack of exercise
- Excessive sun exposure without eye protection
- Obesity
Why smoking matters?
Many people don’t realise that smoking impacts eye health. Research shows a clear link between the number of cigarettes smoked over a lifetime and the risk of developing severe Macular Degeneration. Infact, smoking doubles your chances of developing Macular Degeneration.
How is Macular Degeneration detected?
Routine eye exams are the best way to detect Macular Degeneration early, especially after age 50. Your optometrist may:
- Use eye drops to dilate your pupils and check your retina
- Examine your macula using advanced imaging like OCT scans
- Use an Amsler grid to test for distortions or blind spots
These checks help catch changes before they affect your vision.
Can Macular Degeneration be treated?
While there’s no cure for Macular Degeneration, early detection can help slow its progression. Some advanced forms of Macular Degeneration, especially wet Macular Degeneration, may be treated with injections or other medical interventions. Recent advances in research are also focused on treating dry Macular Degeneration, which is more difficult but is achieving promising results.
Living a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, protecting your eyes from UV light and eating a nutrient-rich diet, can reduce your risk and help preserve vision for longer.
If you notice any symptoms of Macular Degeneration, it’s a good idea to book an appointment with us at Shire Optometrists. A thorough eye exam will help determine if you have Macular Degeneration and early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the condition from worsening.
